A Comprehensive Review on Structure of Heat and Fluid Flow in Liquid Metals at Low Grashof Number
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29020/nybg.ejpam.v18i4.7166Keywords:
Heat transfer, liquid metals, low Grashof number thermal conductivity, restricted fluid motionAbstract
The current study presents the comprehensive review of heat transfer in liquid metals at low Grashof numbers. Heat transfer in liquid metals is extremely efficient because their substantial thermal conductivity enables heat to travel swiftly, even when natural convection is minimal. At low Grashof numbers, buoyant forces are relatively weak in comparison to viscous forces, hence
heat transfer in liquid metals is mainly governed by conduction instead of convection, resulting in restricted fluid motion and decreased thermal transport. The most commonly utilized liquid metals in engineering are alkali metals. Sodium, for example, is primarily employed as a coolant in fast reactors and a working fluid in high-temperature heat pipes. Potassium is an excellent
working material for space power plants. Eutectic Na-K and Pb-Bi alloys, as well as Hg, Li, and Ga, may be employed in certain instances. A detailed literature review is needed to compare previous studies under various conditions and highlight the influence of controlling factors such as the Grashof number. This review also discusses the practical importance of comprehending low Grashof number heat transfer for innovative cooling technologies in nuclear, space, and solar thermal applications.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hossam A. Nabwey, Hajra Nadeem, Muhammad Ashraf, A Rashad, Ali Chamkha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Upon acceptance of an article by the European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, the author(s) retain the copyright to the article. However, by submitting your work, you agree that the article will be published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license allows others to copy, distribute, and adapt your work, provided proper attribution is given to the original author(s) and source. However, the work cannot be used for commercial purposes.
By agreeing to this statement, you acknowledge that:
- You retain full copyright over your work.
- The European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics will publish your work under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
- This license allows others to use and share your work for non-commercial purposes, provided they give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and source.